Week 12

Chapter 21 

In chapter 21, the book talks about the two main communistic countries that rose. These countries 

were Russia and China. In the definition of Communism from Marx, there were only two ways to 

make change to capitalism in where the people come together to reform or to violently act for the 

change. however, for a Country to rebel and come communist, the country has to industrialize. This is 

where Russia and China become interesting because they were not industrialized but rather more 

traditional but were able to skip the step and become communist. The main goal for communism was 

to have equality to everyone. This included women where they were given more rights then the other 

countries that weren't communist. the chapter then goes into the Cold War where the two power 

houses of the world were the Soviet Union and the U.S. the war was wars against other countries that 

the two power houses supported their side. The cold comes from the U.S. and Russia not actually 

fighting each other because if they did, both sides had nuclear weapons. 

Chapter 22

This chapter talks about what happened after all the world wars and the falling of European rule in 

other countries. After the World Wars, Europe became weak due to all the lost from the war. United 

Nation helped countries express and speak out against colonial rule. The colonial rule changed where 

the Europeans could profit but take the government part out of it. Gandhi rises at this time going 

against British powers due to a racial incident in South Africa. With the growing of supporters he 

rose to leadership with his nonviolent approach and doing work to help others. South Africa had 

white minorities that came to the dominant class while the other africans were doing mining and 

farming. There was no mixing due to apartheid policies where the African National Congress started 

with the nonviolent approach but led to violence. 

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